LIT 344 / COMEDY & SATIRE
NOTES
The Man Who Started it All

Mark Twain was born in 1835 as Haley's Comet was making its way past our planet. That point in time is a significant landmark for American humor because it signaled a convergence of events in American History that became embodied in this one man. He absorbed the elements of the Yankee, the Backwoodsman, the Tall Tales, the Negro, the immigrant, and much more and rolled out a uniquely American style. His characters were down-to-earth people with a strong sense of morality and a deep dislike of hypocrisy.

Take a look at what was going on during Twain's life. His was a time of turmoil and incredible growth and development.



DATE
TWAIN EVENTS
DATE
WORLD EVENTS
1835Samuel Langhorne Clemens is born Nov. 30 in Florida, Mo. Two months premature, he remains in poor health for the first 10 years of his life1835Haley's comet passes earth./ Samuel Morse invents a commercially viable telegraph and, later, his code for sending messages. Andrew Jackson is America's President.
1839The Clemenses move 25 miles (40 km) to the Mississippi River port of Hannibal, later immortalized as St. Petersburg in Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer1837The first steamship built for North Atlantic ocean travel, The Great Western, is launched. Three years later, Cunard begins regularly scheduled transatlantic sailings.
1843-1844The family moves to the home with a whitewashed fence that will provide inspiration for a famous scene in Tom Sawyer 1846U.S.-Mexican war, which ends in 1848 with Mexico ceding about half its territory to the U.S.
1848A year after his father's death, Clemens leaves school. Despite having just a fifth-grade education, he goes to work at his brother Orion's newspaper1848The California Gold Rush begins. Few actually strike it rich
1851His earliest sketch, A Gallant Fireman, appears in the Saturday Evening Post1851Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine.
1853Clemens leaves Hannibal and works as a printer in St. Louis, New York City and Philadelphia

1857At age 22, he boards a steamboat for New Orleans, intending to make his way to South America. Instead, he remains in the U.S. and becomes an apprentice riverboat pilot1859Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species.
1861River traffic is brought to a halt by the Civil War, and Clemens joins a group of Confederate volunteers for a couple of weeks. He then heads for Nevada to meet up with Orion1861The Civil War begins. It ends four years later, after more than 610,000 are killed and another 500,000 are wounded.
1862Tries prospecting for silver, then becomes a newspaper reporter.

1863After trying out various pen names-including W.Epaminondas Adrastus Perkins-Clemens settles on Mark Twain. It's a river man's term for measuring water two fathoms (12 ft. or 3.7 m) deep.

1864He leaves Nevada and works for a San Francisco newspaper

1867Publishes his first book, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches. Travels to Europe and the Holy Land, a trip he recalls in The Innocents Abroad1867The U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
1870Marries Olivia Langdon, the daughter of a wealthy businessman from Elmira, N.Y.1869Transcontinental railroad completed. 15th Amendment gives former slaves the right to vote.
1872Twain's 18 month old son, Langdon, dies of diphtheria; Twain blames himself.
1873Publishes his first novel, The Gilded Age, attacking the U.S.'s obsession with money.
1876The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is published to immediate success. It has never gone out of print.1876Alexander Graham Bell receives a U.S. patent for the telephone.


1877Thomas Edison invents the phonograph, and two years later the light bulb.


1880The New York Daily Graphic publishes the first screened photograph, using the newly developed halftone process.


1881Former slave Booker T. Washington is selected to become principal of the new Tuskegee Institute.


1883Brooklyn Bridge is completed.
1884Twain starts his own publishing house. It releases Ulysses S. Grant's memoirs, which become a best seller.

1885Publishes Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which he had been working on for a decade



1888George Eastman perfects the Kodak, a camera for amateurs.
1891Nearly broke, the family leaves for a cheaper life in Europe1891James Naismith invents basketball
1894-1898Twain embarks on a global lecture tour that forms the basis of Following the Equator.

1896Daughter Susy, age 24, dies while he is in London.1896First motion-picture shown on a public screen.
1900Begins writing polemical essays and moralistic fiction, attempting to combat the evils of the "damn'd human race."1900Olds Co. begins mass-producing automobiles in Detroit.


1901Marconi sends the first transatlantic telegraph.


1903Wright brothers make first flight.
1904His wife Olivia dies while they are in Florence, Italy1904US. takes over construction of the Panama Canal.
1909Another child, Jean, dies at age 29

1910Twain dies April 21 at age 74 and is buried in Elmira, N.Y.1910Haley's comet passes earth


CLICK ON A LINK BELOW
TO GO TO THESE DOCUMENTS

| ORIENTATION | | SYLLABUS | | ASSIGNMENTS |
| ASSIGNMENT STANDARDS | | GUIDELINES | | RESEARCH BASICS |
| LECTURE NOTES | | GLOSSARY | | WHO'S WHO |
| PITFALLS | | BEST PRACTICES | | CHECKLISTS |
| FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |